Intrusion–Extrusion Triboelectric Nanogenerator (IE-TENG)

An Intrusion–Extrusion Triboelectric Nanogenerator (IE-TENG) is a mechanical energy harvesting device that generates electricity by utilizing the periodic contact and separation between two triboelectric materials during the processes of intrusion (one surface or material penetrating into another) and extrusion (withdrawal). The repeated motion induces charge transfer between the contacting surfaces, creating a potential difference that drives an electric current through an external circuit.